A lipoma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor made up of fatty tissue that grows slowly beneath the skin. These soft, movable lumps are typically round or oval and are most commonly found on the shoulders, back, or arms, though they can develop anywhere on the body. Lipomas are usually painless and may vary in size, from small, pea-sized growths to larger lumps. While they are harmless, they can become uncomfortable if they press against nerves or other tissues. 

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While lipomas are typically benign, they can sometimes be mistaken for liposarcomas, a rare cancer in fatty tissue. Liposarcomas tend to grow faster, are less mobile, and can be painful. If a lipoma changes in size, texture, or becomes painful, further evaluation, like imaging or biopsy, may be needed to rule out cancer. However, most lipomas are harmless and do not develop into cancer.

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In most cases, lipomas do not require treatment unless they cause pain, grow large, or affect appearance. If removal is desired or necessary, the most effective treatment is surgical excision. For most people, lipoma removal is a safe procedure with a low risk of complications.