Hyperparathyroidism occurs when the parathyroid glands, which control calcium levels in the body, become overactive and produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). This excess hormone can cause high levels of calcium in the blood, leading to problems like weak bones, kidney stones, and other issues. There are two types: primary, where the glands themselves are the problem, and secondary, which usually happens because of another condition, like kidney disease.

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The symptoms of hyperparathyroidism can include fatigue, muscle weakness, bone pain, and frequent urination. Some people may also develop kidney stones or have bone problems, like osteoporosis. The condition is often discovered through blood tests showing high calcium and PTH levels. Sometimes, further tests are needed to find out which parathyroid gland is causing the issue.

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Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the overactive parathyroid gland(s), especially for primary hyperparathyroidism. For secondary cases, medications or treatments to address the underlying cause, like kidney disease, are used. Regular check-ups are important to keep calcium and PTH levels in check. With proper treatment, most people manage the condition well and avoid serious complications.